HELEN KELLER

Synopsis : the heading given below is also included in the synopsis

The chapter begins from an introduction that we are lucky to have many blessings like we have eyes to see the world and ears to listen the beautiful voices. Then the story begins saying there are people who are mute and deaf but make their life great because such souls are brave.

See introduction of Helen Keller above

We have read that Miss Anne Mansfield Sullivan was a great influence on the life of Helen. She taught her manners, discipline, skills and also taught her how to read. She taught her different alphabets through sign language.

Miss Sullivan and Helen Keller

Later she taught her many things practically like she took her out and made her feel the word water. In this way, she learnt many things. Miss Sullivan took Helen to Miss Fuller’s Horace Mann School when she was eight years old. She would feel the movement of Miss Fuller’s lips during the speaking and then practised it at home by the help of Miss Sullivan and was able to speak by the age of ten.

Helen Keller went to Harvard University and passed all her exams easily. She emerged as a symbol of courage and bravery that many people always wanted to meet her. She came to Pakistan in 1956 when she was 76 years old and gave the children here the message of courage and not to curse their fate because nothing is impossible in this world. She visited many schools and appreciated the work of the teachers there.

Helen’s life is an example for us all who feel discouraged and lose heart when some difficulty arrives though we have all the senses. We should thank Allah and should be courageous enough to achieve our goal of life.

Q/A ( see page 30 )

1. Helen Keller was born in Tuscombia Alabama in June of 1880.

2. At the age of 19 months she lost her sight and hearing due to a tragic illness.

3. See synopsis

4. See synopsis

5. Helen Keller visited Pakistan in 1956 when she was 76 years old but was quite active for her age. Helen Keller had come here to help the children devoid of hearing, speaking and seeing.

6. Yes, Helen was a wonderful lady who didn’t feel discouraged and faced her difficulties with bravery and proved that she could do everything. She got education, learnt household skills, travelled widely and encouraged people, motivated them and became a symbol that where there is a will there is a way.

Extra question:

Q1. What was Helen’s message to the blind and deaf children?

Ans. Helen visited many schools in Karachi for the blind and deaf children and appreciated the teachers’ efforts that they were doing for such children. She addressed many gatherings and gave message to the blind and deaf children to always be happy and cheerful and not to curse their fate because they could do anything in this world.

End of chapter

.

Dear students! HERE is Writing Pattern for you!

Write English in this way!

Allama Iqbal

idiom:

to turn over a new leaf

synopsis:

who doesn’t know Allama Muhammad Iqbal? The poet of the East, philosopher, politician, religious scholar and a thinker. These are mere qualities of his grand personality. The chapter has been divided into paras each highlights one aspect of Allama’s great life.

In the first paragraph, the certain dates highlight his date of birth and education.

9th November, 1877 ( Date of birth )

1895 ( went to Government College Lahore )

1899 ( Passed M.A. from the University of the Punjab )

1905 ( End of the job of of the Oriental College as Arabic Professor )

1908 (Was awarded a degree of Ph.D. by Munich University for his work on Persian philosophy)

1926- 1929 ( member of the Punjab Legislative Council )

1930 ( Presided over the Allahabad Meeting of the All – India Muslim League

Myriad facets of Iqbal’s life have been given as a poet, as a master of Eastern and western philosophy, as an Islamic thinker and as a political leader.He presided over the Allahabad meeting of the All – India Muslim League and demanded for a separate homeland for the Muslims of South Asia saying he would like to see the Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan and NWFP united under a single Muslim state as Muslims feared that the Hindu majority would not allow Muslims to develop freely. And this demand was like a current for the Hindus and the British alike.

Allama Iqbal wanted Muhammad Ali Jinnah back who had left India and had gone to England being disappointed by the behaviour of the Congress as his sharp understanding had told him that Congress was playing a double game from the Muslims of India. Allama Iqbal wrote two letters to Muhammad Ali Jinnah. The first letter was written in May, 1937 in which the problems of the Indian Muslims were discussed in detail and he once again emphasised that the the only solution of all the matters is the demand of a separate state and he knew it was the right time for that demand. The next letter was written in 1937 on 21st June in which he once again repeated that a separate federal state formed on the lines proposed by Allama was the only way to save Muslims from the rule of non Muslims.

Allama Iqbal’s efforts were serious and he knew Muhammad Ali Jinnah could lead the Muslims in the best way and on account of his efforts Muslims awoke from their deep sleep and they moved to a new direction, their cause had changed, now they were thinking about a new state rather than just being in a compromising state with the Hindus and British.

The Muslim League leaders met in Lahore and passed a resolution on 23rd March, 1940 demanding a separate state for the Muslims of India. This resolution is called “the Pakistan Resolution” . It was a long struggle that ended successfully and at last Pakistan came into being on 14th August, 1947 though Iqbal had died in 1938 but but his dream had become a reality. On his death Quaid e Azam presented him a huge tribute calling him a friend, guide and philosopher who stood like a rock during the darkest moments through which Muslim League had to go.

A very important and vital aspect of Allama Iqbal’s personality is his belief in Islam, his life was completely devoted to it and his love for Islam is utterly reflected from his poetry and prose and he had always advised Muslims to be true to their religion that is why he knew that it was Islam that had saved Muslims and not Muslims that had saved Islam, he further said that salvation from destruction is possible when Muslims belief is strong.

Q/A ( Questions are not given in the chapter )

Q1. Why is Iqbal called doctor?

Ans. Allama Iqbal is called doctor because he was a Ph.D. in Persian philosophy from Munich university.

Q2. What are the other accomplishments of Allama Iqbal besides being a poet?

Ans. He was a philosopher, politician, thinker and a scholar besides being a poet.

Q3.what did Iqbal say in 1930?

Ans. Iqbal said in 1930 that he would like to see the Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan and NWFP where there are Muslims in majority united under a single Muslim state. In other words he demanded a separate homeland from the Hindus and the British.

Q4.How did Iqbal define India?

Ans. He defined India as a continent of human groups belonging to different races where people speak different languages and believe in different religions and they can’t be ruled as a common race. They are utterly different nations and the rule of European democracy can’t be applied here without accepting different groups.

Q5. Why did Iqbal want a separate state for the Muslims of India?

Ans. Iqbal wanted a separate state because he feared the Hindus would dominate them,moreover, Muslims had a different religion, language, tradition and way of living and could not be governed under a common race feeling.

Q6. How did Iqbal awake Muslims from their sleep?

Ans. Muslims awoke from their sleep through Iqbal’s efforts. His prose, poetry and speeches also energised Muslims to fight for a separate homeland.

Q7. Why did Muslims meet in 1940?

Ans. The Muslims met in Lahore on 23rd March, 1940 in which they passed a resolution for a separate homeland. This resolution is called Pakistan Resolution.

Q8.In what words Jinnah praised Iqbal on his death?

And. Jinnah praised Iqbal calling him his friend and a guide who always stood like a rock during the darkest moments of the movement.

Q9.What belief made Iqbal strong?

Ans Belief in Islam made him strong and he thought the same belief made the Indian Muslims one nation, separate and a part from Hindus.

Q10.what does Iqbal’s poetry reflect?

Ans. Iqbal’s poetry and prose both reflect his love for Islam. He had devoted himself for the service of Islam.

Q11? What did Iqbal advise Muslims and what did he say in his Allahabad address?

Ans. Iqbal advised Muslims to remain true to their faith and he said in his Allahabad address that he had learned one lesson from the history of Islam that it was Islam that had saved Muslims and not Muslims that had saved Islam.

Q12. What would happen if we put our faith in Islam?

Ans. If we put our faith in Islam, we would become strong and united once again and save ourselves from complete destruction.

End of chapter

The Role of Women in the Pakistan Movement

Synopsis:

The chapter starts with an introduction that how Pakistan came into existence later in the chapter the character of Muslim women has been described that how during the independence movement women from all walks of life played an effective role in the cause of independence. They urged and motivated their men and in this fashion a long and hard campaign for independence accomplished.

Muslim women in those days were confined to their houses, were less educated and observed strict veil on the other side Hindu women were highly educated and modern.But even then a number of Muslim women came forward and took part in the independence . Women branch of Muslim women was made and it spread across India to tell women regarding the cause of independence. These women had journeys to the countryside to give guidance to the women about their role and work, gave speeches, met with the families of the British officers and viceroys and convinced them of their demand, opened classes and above all suffered the torture of the police and got arrested but did not leave their cause.

There were various women who contributed in the struggle of the freedom but few very distinguished women’s efforts have been introduced here.

Bi Aman

The fist woman is Abadi Bano Begum known commonly as Bi Aman was the mother of Ali brothers: Moulana Muhammad Ali joher and Shoukat Ali Joher.She was part of the Khilafat committee, in 1971 she joined the agitation to get her sons released from the prison, she made speeches and travelled widely.

Bi Aman had never been to any where to get education but she was educated enough to train her sons in the right path, therefore, when her sons were sent to the prison and were conditioned to seek pardon for the release, she wrote to her sons not to do so. She was fully determined to sacrifice her sons but not the cause.

Begum Muhammad Ali

This lady was always in strict veiling but was courageous enough to address men in a bold manner but her style of speaking was simple, impressive, natural and because of her these qualities she was highly admired by the Quaid e Azam . This lady also wrote for the press made the world know about he need of Muslims independence.

Miss Fatima Jinnah

She was given the title of Madr e Millat by the nation means Mother of the Nation because she helped her brother during the movement. She worked as a link between the Quaid e Azam and other Muslim women by passing on the information to the Quaid e Azam and vice a versa.

Begum Rana Liaquat Ali Khan

She was the wife of Liaquat Ali Khan . She sacrificed a lot . She worked as an honorary secretary and typist to Liaquat Ali Khan when Muslim league could not afford the expenses, she had meetings with wife and the daughter of the viceroy, she organised women’s Voluntary Service and Women’s National Guards with 2400 girls in which she had the rank of Brigadier.

Lady Nusrat Haroon

She was an enthusiastic woman and a kind hostess. She opened the doors of her house for the political activities as well as classes were also held in her house for the girls education.

Lady Hidayatullah

This lady travelled throughout Sindh holding women’s public meetings. The first public meeting in Sindh was held in Karachi’s Zoological Garden. Lady Hidayatullah and Begum Khairunisa Shaban hoisted the Muslim League flag on the Secretariat.

Begum Jahan Ara Shahnawaz

represented the Muslim women at the three Round Table Conferences held in London and was the first woman who spoke in London’s Guild Hall. Her frequent travelling across the globe created awareness among the people of other nations regarding the demand of the Muslims of South Asia for a separate homeland.

The above women and their contribution is briefly given but a large number of women took part in the struggle without whom the struggle could not be a success.

Q/A see page 49 comprehension

1. Bi Aman was the mother of Moulana Muhammad Ali Joher and Shoukat Ali Joher. She is remembered till today because she was the one who was strongly willing to sacrifice her sons life for the sake of independence when the British government arrested them and conditioned them to pardon for their release. She sent a message to her sons not to get pardon and advised them to struggle till their cause is achieved.

2. Muslim women worked for independence quite zealously. They went home to home to create awareness, opened classes in their houses and travelled widely to make people know about their goal. They were got arrested and tortured but didn’t quit the struggle for the cause.

3.Miss Fatima Jinnah is called Madr e Millat because she helped her illustrious brother Muhammad Ali Jinnah in the struggle of independence.

4.The meaning of Madr e Millat is Mother of the Nation.

The first meeting of women took place at Karachi’s Zoological Garden.

Extra Questions:

Q1.Who was Begum Rana Liaquat Ali Khan and what was her role in the freedom fight?

Ans. Begum Rana Liaquat Ali Khan was the wife of Liaquat Ali Khan and she played a very vital role in the freedom fight.She was an honorary secretary and typist to Liaquat Ali Khan when Muslim League could not afford the salaries of theses two jobs. She had meetings with the wife and daughter of the viceroy to convince them regarding their side of the matter and express their protest. She organised the Women’s Voluntary Service and Women’s National Guards with 2400 girls in which she had the rank of Brigadier.

Q2.Who carried out the work of Muslim League in Sindh?

Ans. In Sindh the work of Muslim League was carried out by these women:Lady Nusrat Haroon, Lady Sughra Hidayatullah, Begum Khairunnisa Shaban and Miss Fakhrunnisa Wali Muhammad Effendi.

Q3.Name some of the women who played an active role in the freedom fight?

Ans. The name of the women who played an active role in the freedom fight are:

Begum Iqbal Hussain, Begum Salma Tassaduq Hussain, Geti Ara Bashir Ahmad, Begum Shaista Ikramullah, Begum Viqarunnisa Noon, Begum Nawab Muhammad Ismail, Noorus Sabah Begum and Fatima Sheikh of Haiderabad sindh.

Q4. Why were Moulana Muhammad Ali and Shoukat Ali imprisoned and how long ?

Ans Moulana Muhammad Ali and Shoukat Ali popularly known as Ali brothers were imprisoned by the British government on account of their kkilafat Movement and they served in the jail for two years.

Note: The renowned women whose names are given in the chapter – see the details about them in the synopsis under their names.

page 54 ( fill in the blanks with suitable phrasal verbs )

1. looked after 2 Look into 3. look out of 4.look for

End of chapter

Quaid e Azam And His Vision For Pakistan

Who is Quaid e Azam?

Muhammad Ali Jinnah is the founding father of our country because of his efforts Pakistan came into being on 14th August, 1947. It was the biggest victory that he achieved for the Muslims of SouthAsia. Here see what Stanley Wolpert (born December 23, 1927) is an American historian,  Indologist, and author on the political and intellectual history of modern India and Pakistan^[1][2] and has written fiction and nonfiction books on the topics. He taught at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) from 1959-2002.^[3]

says about Mr. Jinnah:

Synopsis:

The chapter highlights Mr. Jinnah’s strong vision ( the special sense ) behind the establishment of Pakistan that why he wanted a separate homeland for the Muslims of South Asia. He was a dynamic personality means a personality who believes in practicality and action rather than just saying, therefore, Muslims followed him and he as the leader of the Muslim majority areas led them and in this way a nation state came into being where Muslims could live according to their certain religious rights, faith and honour as well as following their traditions and culture as in the whole world it is quite rare to find the example of this type of achievement.

Mr. Jinnah had a great fan following in the The British India and he was the only leader of this sort. He was equally popular among the interfaith communities like Hindus, Christians, Sikhs and Paris. The Hindu poetess Sarojini Nido and Congress leader Gopal Krishna Gokhlay had given him the title of “the best Ambassador of Hindu Muslim Unity ” because of his policies of justice , impartiality and equality. Quaid ‘s envisage made him realise that the Muslims were being polarised and it would cause Muslims an economic and political victimisation so he pleaded the case of the Muslims with wisdom and became successful.

Quaid e Azam visualised Pakistan as a “pluralistic society ” as a “nation state”where there was the assurance of the rights of every person. On one occasion he ensured the Paris that they would be given enough room in the domain of trade, Commerce and industry as they have to come forward to play their role as true citizens of Pakistan.

On 11th August, 1947 the Quaid e Azam said as it was the day of his first election as the President of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan he made it clear to all the interfaith communities that they are free to go to their religious places as religion has nothing to do with the business of the state, he further said that there is no discrimination and all are the equal citizens of the state. He also demanded the communities including Muslims to work for Pakistan as a citizen as faith or religion is a personal affair of an individual.

He assured from his side that his guiding principle would be justice and complete impartiality and with the support of them he foresees Pakistan as one of the greatest nations in the world.

To pay great revere or homage to our great leader we should follow his footsteps to transform our country into a country where every citizen may live with tranquility, as a community and in agreement.

Some words to understand:

Polarisation: division in groups, transform: change, vision: foresee, dynamic: believer of practicality, homage: respect, barrister, one who has law degree from England

Comprehension: see page 61

1.It was the day of Quaid ‘s election as the first President of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan. On that occasion Mr. Jinnah made sure to all the interfaith communities to be allowed to go to their religious places as religion has nothing to do with the business of the state .He assured them of no discrimination and distinction. He further said that the government believes in the fundamental principle of equality. He demanded them including Muslims to work as a citizen as religion is one’s own personal business.

2. Quaid e Azam was called an Ambassador of the Hindu Muslim Unity by the Congress leader Gopal Krishna Gokhale and the famous poetess Sarogini Nido because of his no discrimination policy regarding caste, creed and faith as he believed in the fundamental principle of justice and equality.

Extra Q/A

Q1. what did Mr. Jinnah sense as an outstanding political leader?

Ans.Mr.Jinnah sensed that Congress was leading the Hindus of the sub – continent toward Hindu Muslim polarisation that would culminate into political and economical victimisation of the Muslims in the region.

Q2.How did Mr. Jinnah envision Pakistan?

Ans.Mr. Jinnah envisioned Pakistan as a pluralistic society, as a nation state ensuring rights for all as citizens of Pakistan.

Q3.what did Mr. Jinnah affirm to the Parsi community?

Ans. Mr. Jinnah affirmed them their religious security. He guaranteed to provide them good field in the domain of trade, Commerce and industry – all he wanted to them to play their role as true citizens of Pakistan.

Q4. What was Mr. Jinnah ‘s guiding principle?

Ans. Mr. Jinnah ‘s guiding principle was justice and complete impartiality.

Q5.What did Jinnah need to make Pakistan one of the greatest nations of the world?

Ans. Mr. Jinnah needed all the interfaith communities’ support and co- operation including Muslins to make Pakistan one of the greatest nations of the world.

Q6. How can we pay homage to our great Quaid?

Ans. We should follow our great Quaid ‘s footsteps and transform Pakistan into a country where every citizen of Pakistan may live with the spirit of tranquility, fraternity and in complete agreement.

Health Is Wealth

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Idioms and phrases:

fond of, a lot of, a great many, get rid of, to take part

Synopsis :

In this chapter the importance of health has been focused that what happens when we ignore our health – definitely we become the victim of certain diseases. In the chapter, there are two protagonists a mother and a child named Kashif. Kashif is a sweet tooth and during shopping insists his mother two times to buy some sweet meat for him but mother refuses both the times.

The mother first time refuses when she saw flies sitting on the sweets giving reasons to Kashif that he would fall ill if he ate them and the second time when she found no flies but dust all over the place as a man was just sweeping the road by the shop. She gave reason to Kashif that if there is dust on something, it should be avoided to be eaten. She further said dust and flies carry hundreds of germs.

Now Kashif has become curious to know more about germs so he requests his mother to tell him more about them. She instructs him to focus ands says that germs are the tiny living things difficult to be seen with the naked eye but through a microscope can be seen. Kashif asks another question to his mother that how flies carry them to food. She answers that flies sit on filth, germs stick to their legs and when they come and sit on an uncovered food , germs stick to that food and this becomes the cause of our illness.Now Kashif is fully aware that how dangerous it is to eat the food that is not properly covered.

Mother keeps on telling Kashif more about the link between the dust and germs. She says germs are circulating in the atmosphere and dust carriers them so first avoid dusty food as well as the food on which flies have been sitting.

Mother tells Kashif that several diseases are caused by germs as well as of flies as typhoid is caused by flies. Here Kashif contradicts that he has read that malaria is caused by a kind of mosquito and not flies. Mother affirms what Kashif says. Kashif asks Mother where mosquitoes live. Mother answers they live in the stagnant water that is a still water and they are killed by using kerosene oil and DDT ( dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane) before they are big enough to fly away and cause harm.

Now Kashif is fully aware about all what mother has taught to him. He suggests if the whole nation takes action against mosquitoes soon we can get rid of them. Mother again affirms what Kashif says and adds that “Health is Wealth ” that makes us able to perform our duties fully.

Q/A see page 68

1.Kashif ‘s mother refused to buy sweets from the first shop because flies were sitting on them because if Kashif ate them, he would fall ill.

2.The second shop was dirty because a man was sweeping the road by the shop, there was dust that means germs. She suggested Kashif to avoid such things to be eaten if there is dust on it or flies sitting on it as both of them are enemies to our health.

3.Flies and dust carry germs that are tiny insects can’t be seen with a naked eye but through a microphone can be seen.

4.Diseases are caused by both flies and germs ,e.g., typhoid is caused by flies and malaria is caused by a mosquito named Anopheles.

5. Flies sit on filth, get germs on their legs, fly to our uncovered food and leave germs in it and we fall ill when we eat such food.

6.we get malaria from a mosquito named Anopheles.

7. We get rid of malaria when we spray Kerosene oil or DDT ( dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane ) where there is still water so that mosquitoes can be killed before they are big enough to fly away and bite healthy people.

Exercise of grammar:

Some and any as Adjectives

Some and any means “a certain quantity “and are used before plural or uncountable nouns and they can be pronouns or adjectives. Some is used in affirmative sentences and any is used after negatives and interrogatives.

Any is used after hardly, barely, and scarcely that are almost negative and are placed after verb “be “.

But “some “is used when the question is invitation or a request: would you like some tea?

Some is used when the answer “yes” is expected.

Any is used after if and in expressions of doubt : I don’t think that there is any milk in the house.

Any is used when every and not one is meant , e.g.,Any cooking book can teach you how to make a cake.

See page 69

1. some, any 2. some, any 3. some 4. any 5.anyone 6. some, any 7. any, some, some, some

End of chapter

The Great War Hero

1965 tank war

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Note : the above article has been taken from Dawn

Major Raja Abdul Aziz Bhatti

Nissan e Haider

Synopsis :

The chapter is mainly about Major Raja Abdul Aziz Bhatti who sacrificed his life in the war of 1965 and embraced martyrdom. On account of his valour, he had been awarded the Nishan e Haider, the highest military award of Pakistan that is named after Hazrat Ali رضي الله تعا لي عنه on account of his bravery.

Major Abdul Aziz was one of the martyrs who sacrificed their life in the war of 1965. He was born in 1928 in Hongkong. He came back to this home village Ladian in Gujarat District in 1945.

He first joined Air Force and then Army as a cadet in 1948. He, because of his hard work and dedication was awarded the Sword of Honour and the Norman Medal. He joined the 6th Punjab Regiment as a commissioned officer and proved himself a very remarkable officer.

On 6 September 1965, as a Company Commander in the Burki area of the Lahore sector, Major Raja Aziz Bhatti chose to stay with his forward platoon under incessant artillery and tank attacks for five days and nights in the defence of the strategic BRB canal. Army ‘s this loyal son was equipped with the spirit of Jedda and the enemy was loaded with the tanks and guns . Major stayed at his position because he didn’t want the enemy to give any chance to occupy the territory though his commanding officer sent him a message to come back as another officer was immediately being sent to replace him but he replied in negative as he didn’t want to go back and wanted to shed the last drop of his blood in the defence of this homeland. It is said where there is a will, there is a way. Major’s will was answered by Almighty and on 11th September, this brave hero was struck by the enemy on his right shoulder and our hero fell . Major Abdul Aziz had always wished martyrdom and so received it.

Idioms and phrases: see page 72

1. *flying colours: pass the exam with distinction

He passed his exam with flying colours.

*with heart and soul : whole heartedly

He performs his duties with heart and soul.

2. *letters of gold : in good way

Because of his goodness his name will be written in letters of gold.

*day and night: continuously

He worked day and night to succeed in the exam.

*without rest : continuously

He worked without rest to submit his project.

* to shed the last drop of blood : to sacrifice oneself

In 1965 war our soldiers shed the last drop of their blood for their homeland.

*in the defence of the homeland: to defend the homeland

We should be ready to sacrifice our life in the defence of the homeland.

*to lay down one ‘s life : to sacrifice life

Pakistan Army Soldiers are always ready to lay down their life in the defence of this homeland.

*to top the list : to lead

His name is top of the list amongst the toppers of the college.

*on the right and left : both sides

See on the right and left before crossing the road.

Q/A see page 72

2.

1.The name of Major Abdul Aziz will be written in the letters of gold because he laid down his life in the defence of his homeland . He was deployed on the BRB canal and was keeping an eye on the every move of the enemy then an enemy shell struck him and he fell. He sacrificed himself but not his motherland.

2. He fought on the Lahore front in the war of 1965.

3.He replied to his officer not to recall him as he didn’t want to go back and wanted to shed his last drop of the blood in the defence of the homeland.

4.we learn the lesson from the martyrdom of Major Abdul Aziz that We should be honest to our Homeland and should be ready to sacrifice our life in the defence of our homeland.

End of chapter

Nursing

Florence Nightingale

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Something about Florence Nightingale

Florence Nightingale was born with a silver spoon in her mouth but she selected a difficult life for her. Florence was born to a wealthy Englishman William Nightingale in Italy, Florence on May 12. She was a lovely and witty child. She and her sister both were given education according to that fashion and the whole credit goes to her father who trained his girls to think clearly and concentrate to mind that what actually they had to do -this training later helped Florence to adopt the profession of nursing.

Florence had a full life but wasn’t happy . One day in 1844, Florence said to Dr. Howe: “If I should determine to study nursing, and to devote my life to that profession, do you think it would be a dreadful thing?”

Dr. Howe replied: “Not a dreadful thing at all. I think It would be a very good thing.”

But to Florence parents it was a dreadful thing because during the half 19th century England, Ireland and Scotland had coarse and untrained nurses that’s why Florence parents were not willing to send their daughter in that atmosphere, they tried to divert her attention by sending her away but wherever she went, she visited hospitals and nursing homes. At last persistence met opposition and conquered. She defied the gayeties of social life and embraced the suffering humanity. In 1851, she declared, ” This is Life! I wish for no other earth, no other world but this.”

She moved ahead without thinking of her parents specially mother’s angriness . In 1853, she got her first situation in London but soon in 1854, she was given the charge of the military hospitals at Crimea where she performed a wonderful job and manage all well from supplies to cleanliness to diet meals, she was an Angel for the soldiers. In 1856 the war ended and she came back home to England.

A magnificent welcome was ready for Florence Nightingale but she accepted nothing. After the war , she though was not well but she started various services like the Army Medical Service, Reorganisation of Army Statistics, Sanitary Reforms in India.

During her stay at Crimea, the nation gave her a contribution with that she established a nursing training school in London applying all the golden principles of good nursing .

To Florence Nightingale, nursing wasn’t a professional; it was a “calling “. During her services whatever, she had collected, she described that in the Florence Nightingale’s Notes and were published in 1859. This book opened a new era in hospital reform. Hence, she was officially consulted by the Union Government during the Civil War in the United States.

Florence Nightingale lived 90 years . She had been awarded the Order of Merit by King Edward Vii that was the highest honour ever been bestowed on a woman she had the titles of the Lady of the Lamp, the Angel of the Crimea.

Today nursing is a reputable profession and hundreds of girls are adopting this sacred profession.

Note :

The above facts have been taken from the book “Health Heroes ” written by Grace T. Hallock and C. E. Turner, published in 1948.

Synopsis:

The chapter highlights the importance of nursing . Nursing means looking after the sick, the injured, the young, the old or the helpless with love and sympathy.it is difficult to say the origin of it scientifically but naturally and as a rough guess, it started when one man felt sympathy for the other fellowmen as sympathy is the only thing that can turn one human being for the other.

Our final Prophet Muhammadصلي الله عليه وسلم visited the sick without any absence, consoled them and spoke kindly to them. He also visited his sick enemies. Our Prophet صلي الله عليه وسلم put a strong emphasis on Muslims to help the suffering ones. The Muslims code of war is unique and fully sympathetic in the world as Muslim soldiers had been very kind to the sick, old and injured and it was against Islamic ethics to kill the wounded enemies.

Nursing is very old in Islam. Muslim ladies exercising veil helped the wounded and the injured giving them water and tending them on the battlefield. A very renowned name as a nurse in Islam is of Hazrat Giffaria who was along with our Holy Prophet صلي الله عليه وسلم during the Battle of Khyber and when the battle was won, she was awarded a necklace by the Prophet صلي الله عليه و سلم as a recognition of her services.

Another lady worthy in this regard is Hazrat Rufaida who was a very devoted nurse so on account of this was given the charge of a hospital in Medina by the Prophet صلي الله عليه وسلم and the other pious ladies who worked in this hospital were Hazrat Fatima and Hazrat Asma رضي الله تعا لي عنهما .

From here in the chapter the story of Florence Nightingale starts who is undoubtedly the founder of modern nursing in the half of the 19th century .

Dear Students,

see this in the segment something about Florence Nightingale. Remember here you can find something extra but your Q/A are purely from the text.

Q/A ( see page 82 , exercise b)

1. He, the final Prophet صلي الله عليه وسلم visited the sick regularly, comforted them and spoke kind words to them.

2.He صلي الله عليه وسلم established a hospital in Medina.

3.Florence Nightingale had a heart of gold and her aim and objective in life was to serve the suffering humanity as a nurse.

4.with the money offered to her she established an institution for training nurses in London.

Exercises :

*1. Educated 2.cultured 3. educated 4. broken 5. selected

* Make past participles and use them in sentences:

Complete: ( completed )

The completed assignment was a nice one.

Injure (injured )

The injured were taken to the hospital.

Control ( controlled )

The controlled dog was obeying his master.

Establish ( established )

Beautifully established building is a piece of art.

Use (used)

Used furniture is still in demand.

Simile

It is used to compare in which the object or a thing that is compared is described like as sweet as honey. As dark as night. Like father like son, etc.

1. Coal 2.grass 3.honey 4.ice 5.a bone 6.silk 7.leaf 8. a clown 9. Iron 10. a lion

Fill in the blanks:

1. Historian 2.politician 3. host 4. hostess 5. Poet 6. Writer 7. Scientist 8.musician 9. Cobbler 10. Jewellery.

End of chapter

Responsibilities of a Good citizen

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Synopsis:

The chapter talks about our responsibilities being a citizen to our society before we claim our rights to the society. In the introduction, it is given that how the civilisation evolved and developed.How the humans developed from a savage to a refined human being. They emerged step by step from families to tribes in search of a better life. By the time towns grew and people adopted different professions and works and in this way a chain of reciprocal activities established.

The author says if we just think how much society does for us then we can estimate how much we owe to it. He gives the examples of the milkman, baker, printer, driver, shopkeepers who perform multiple jobs for us similarly, he gives the names of different professions like engineers, teachers, doctors who give their services to us. He doesn’t forget the service of a a traffic constable when he regularises the traffic.

He makes us realise that how easy it has become to get any service in our house like water, electricity,radio and tv they just need a button to be pressed and we get the service.

The author says that a good citizen without being selfish and dishonest repays to the society and if he doesn’t do like this he will be treated unfairly.

He further says that every citizen must understand the problems facing his country and should co-operate with the government in solving them. The problems facing Pakistan are poverty, illiteracy, and population growth and for the building of a better society such problems have to be solved through proper education and hard work.

The government of Pakistan has started many programmes to solve the aforementioned problems like rural development programmes , literacy and adult education programmes, health,sanitation, social welfare and population planning centres that have been set up across the country.

Author says that a citizen whatever he takes from his country, he should in return be loyal and patriotic to his country by paying his taxes immediately, fully and honestly so that he may enjoy all what he has been given as Islam also lays a huge stress on our duties as citizens. In short, we can’t be good Muslims, without being good citizens.

Q/A ( see questions in the book page 89 )

Q1 Ans. In early days men lived in caves like animals each lived by himself and for himself hunting for their food and leading a hard life, therefore, they are called now savages.

Q2 Ans.They began to live together to live a better and safer life.

Q3 Ans. Many more professions like medicine, teaching,engineering, arts, writing and lots of occupations developed when societies grew larger. Laws mere made to make lives safer and happier. Each profession benefited the other human being.

Q4 Ans. A trader should sell things fairly, honestly and should not give a short measure otherwise he will be treated likewise.

Q5 Ans. A milkman should not mix water in the milk.

Q6 Ans. If a person is dishonest, he teaches others dishonesty as well.

Q7 Ans. A bad citizen deserves to be treated the way he treats others.

Q8 Ans. Our duty to our country is to be loyal and patriotic and we should pay our taxes and bills in time, fully and honestly.

Q9 Ans. Islam always talks about human rights brotherhood and in this regard neighbours are the first to be treated well. Our Holy Prophet once said: “God lays so much stress on the rights of our neighbours that I almost thought they would get the right of inheritance in our property. “

Q10 Ans. To be good Muslims, we have to be a good and dutiful Muslim first.

Define the following professions: (page 91)

Cobbler mends the shoes.

Carpenter makes furniture out of wood.

Farmer ploughs the fields.

Blacksmith makes tools out of steel.

Goldsmith makes jewellery.

Mason builds buildings.

Tailor sews clothes.

Weaver weaves cloth.

End of chapter

A Letter about the Village Life in Pakistan

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villages are part and parcel of every country. Villagers have a simple life. In the villages we find natural beauty and originality. Pakistan has four provinces and each province has its Suburban life. They have their own culture, lifestyle and civilisation. In this chapter, a Sind village has been described.

Idioms and phrases:

go about, to look forward to

Synopsis :

Shahid writes a letter to his cousin Nomi who lives in Canada in which he describes about the general village life in Pakistan.

Talking about the nature of the villagers he says that they are simple and straight forward people and are happy the way they lead their lives. Their most of the houses are mud- plastered and don’t use vehicles for their journeys and therefore, they are healthy and strong.

The villagers have two common workmen: the carpenter and the blacksmith and two common persons: the primary school teacher who serves as a postmaster as well as fulfils their children’s pedagogical needs and the Imam of the Mosque who runs a Maktab and gives students not only the religious know how but also serves as a doctor for them treating their common diseases.

In a Sindhi village Otaq serves as a meeting place for men where they have their discussions,resolving of the conflicts and enjoy themselves listening to the songs on the tunes of the Ghaghar and Tamboora. Women have their meetings at the village well.

Villagers awake at the crack of the dawn and get their all activities done before sunrise like milking of the cows and buffaloes.However, village life beauties are beyond to be told. Unlike cities villages have a pollution free atmosphere that compels one to go and live a couple of days there. Shahid says Nomi lastly that a farmer works in his fields from morning till twilight with a sickle and reaping the crop under the scorching sun . Shahid being so much inspired calls the life of a farmer ” a model of hard work .”

Q/A are not given in the chapter, see important questions here.

Q/A

Q1.what reason gives Shahid for not replying Nomi’s letter earlier?

Ans.The reason he gives that he had been to his uncle’s village during the summer holidays as he had never been there and wanted very much to see something of village life.

Q2.why was Shahid willing to tell about the village life of Pakistan to Nomi?

Ans. He was willing to tell about the village life of Pakistan because Nomi was born and bred in Canada so it would be an enjoyable thing to him.

Q3. What kind of people are villagers by nature?

Ans. They are simple and straight forward people by nature though they have a different lifestyle quite contrary to the city folks but they are always happy and contented. This simplicity reflects from their humble abodes which are mud – plastered and they mostly don’t use vehicles for short distances.

Q4. Do the villagers have markets?

Ans. No, they have few and scattered shops.

Q5. Who are the workmen in the village and how do they serve the villagers.

Ans. The two important workmen in the village are: the carpenter and the blacksmith. They both help the farmers to make and repair their farming tools.

Q6. What are the services of the primary school teacher?

Ans. The primary school teacher is a very important person in a village as he serves as a postmaster of the villagers as well as fulfils their children’s pedagogical needs.

Q7. How does an Imam serve the villagers and what does he charge from the villagers in return of his services?

Ans. An Imam serves the villagers in various ways. He exercises a great influence on them. He runs a Maktab where he teaches free of cost but accept gifts like milk, butter and ghee as a token of love and affection. He treats the minor ailments of the villagers and helps them out if they have any religious confusion.

Q8. What is an Otaq and what happens there?

Ans. An Otaq is a meeting point of the men in a village where they have their discussions regarding crops, weather, etc. resolve their conflicts and enjoy themselves listening to the folk songs sung on the tunes of the Ghaghar or Tamboora. Thus, villagers have a full life though simple but interesting and colourful.

Q9.where village women meet?

Ans. Village women meet at the village well when they go to fetch water.

Q10. What is the routine of the villagers?

Ans. Villagers get up at the crack of dawn.Men offer their prayers at the mosque and women at home . Men milk the cows and buffaloes and women churn milk to make butter and lassi.

Q11. What is the favourite drink of the villagers?

Ans. The favourite drink of the villagers is lassi but tea has also made is way into their houses.

Q12. How is a village different from a city?

Ans. A village is entirely different from a city. A village has a pollution free atmosphere while city has a variety of pollutions like water, noise and air. It has a calm and serene atmosphere that one loves to go and live there a couple of days amidst the charms of natural beauties.

Q13. Why is the life of a villager is a modal of hard work?

Ans. A farmer works in a village from dawn to dusk with a sickle reaping the crops under the scorching sun so we can say that a farmer ‘s life is a modal of hard work.

End of chapter.